The processes of deformation and fracture of sandwich structures on the front and rear sides of concrete slabs are investigated under shock-wave loading. A model is proposed, which describes these processes in terms of continuum mechanics. The influence of the front and rear layers of a fine-grained concrete barrier reinforced with carbon fiber on the penetration of a steel indenter is studied in the range of impact velocities between 1000-1500 m/s. It is found out that 120% more energy has to be spent in order to break through this reinforced barrier from either side compared to the non-reinforced case.