The data of the study of the elemental and phase composition, the condition of the defect substructure, mechanical and tribological characteristics of titanium alloy VT6 subjected to electroexplosive carburization with a sample of titanium diboride powder and the subsequent treatment by high-intensity pulsed electron beam is presented. It has been established that the main mechanisms responsible for an increase in the mechanical and tribological properties of the material are solid, dispersion, and grain boundary.